Books Transformed into Sound in Ottoman Istanbul
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8028846Keywords:
written culture, oral culture, public readings, literary salons, religious ritualsAbstract
At a certain stage of every society’s existence, according to an evolutionary/linear view of history, oral culture is gradually and definitively replaced by written culture. Yet, not only does oral culture persist in various forms after the emergence of written culture, but written culture permeates oral culture in myriad interesting ways. This article discusses the relationship between oral and written cultures by focusing on Ottoman Istanbul during and after the seventeenth century and, more specifically, on public readings of written texts in a variety of social contexts. Such readings and recitations held an important place in the city’s aural landscape and can roughly be subdivided into several groups according to their locations and functions: religious rituals, scholarly and literary salons, and places of entertainment. The first group includes Qur’an recitations, public readings of Süleyman Çelebi’s Mevlid, and sufi ceremonies centered on dhikr and wird; the second group includes poetry readings and textual criticism in poetic salons; and the third includes public readings of stories, tales, and heroic epics in various locations, from coffeehouses to mansions, from government offices to bachelors’ apartments. Based upon diverse sources such as religious court records, biographical dictionaries of poets, European visitors’ travelogues, and marginal manuscript annotations, this article discusses public reading practices in Ottoman Istanbul while it seeks answers to such questions as what kinds of written sources were read aloud, what characterized gatherings where such public readings were held, and in what ways the relationship between reader and auditor transformed readings into performances. Textual performances in Istanbul, a subject hitherto not addressed in its own right, are thus shown to be a highly important element in the constitution of the city’s sonic identity.
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